Обґрунтування глибини розробки нерудних родовищ скельних корисних копалин з внутрішнім відвалоутворенням

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена актуальній науково-практичній проблемі обґрунтування доцільної глибини розробки нерудних родовищ скельних корисних копалин. В результаті досліджень розроблена систематизація нерудних родовищ скельних корисних копалин, удосконалена методика розрахунку граничної глибини розробки родовищ магматичного й метаморфічного походження, що відрізняється врахуванням внутрішньокар'єрного складування порід розкриву у вироблений простір, в результаті чого встановлена залежність граничної глибини відпрацювання від місця формування внутрішнього відвала розкривних порід, водоприпливу, відстані транспортування й кутів укосу бортів, що стало визначальним фактором доцільної розробки глибоких нерудних родовищ будівельних матеріалів із внутрішнім відвалоутворенням.

Диссертация посвящена актуальной научно-практической проблеме обоснования целесообразной глубины разработки нерудных месторождений скальных полезных ископаемых. В результате исследований разработана систематизация нерудных месторождений скальных полезных ископаемых, усовершенствованная методика расчета предельной глубины разработки месторождений магматического и метаморфического происхождения, отличающийся учетом внутрикарьерного складирования пород вскрыши в выработанное пространство, в результате чего установлена зависимость предельной глубины отработки от места формирования внутреннего отвала вскрышных пород.

The paper provides an overview of existing non-metallic quarries extracting raw materials for the production of crushed stone products, as well as an analysis of natural, technological and social factors influencing the depth of mining the granite and other non-metallic hard-rock building materials. The criteria for optimizing the maximum depth of mining the non-metallic fields of hard-rock minerals with internal dumping of overburden rocks have been substantiated. The methodology for calculating the maximum depth has been improved, which is distinguished by taking into account mining-and-geological parameters that most of all influence on the efficiency of mining operations and the value of economic indicators while ensuring the maximum economic effect with the achievement of a rational depth of mining the deposit. The parameters of 117 non-metallic fields of magmatic and metamorphic origin have been analyzed with the purpose of their systematization. When developing the systematization, the area of fields and the thickness of the overburden rocks are accepted as the main classification criteria. Taking this into account, three main groups of quarries are identified by the area of fields: large, medium and small area. When analyzing the indicators of the overburden rock thickness, three main types are identified, which differ in the average thickness of the overburden rocks: low, medium and high thickness. The use of the proposed basic quarries of granite and stone raw materials made it possible to conduct research with a high degree of correlation between theoretical and practical results. This is important when using resource-saving technologies at existing mining enterprises producing building materials. An economic and mathematical model has been developed to substantiate the maximum depth of mining the non-metallic quarries, which is distinguished by taking into account the mining-and-geological parameters of the quarry field (spatial dimensions, thickness of overburden rocks) and economic indicators (the minimum permissible profitability of production). The rational schemes for mining these fields of building materials have been studied. One of them provides for additional mining of the field to the maximum possible depth with the formation of an internal dump at the design level. Another scheme provides for additional mining of the field to the maximum possible depth with the internal dump transferred to the lower horizons and subsequent completion of previously abandoned reserves. It has been revealed that a rational technology for mining the hard-rock non-metallic fields is a technology with a stage-by-stage mining of a quarry field and stockpiling of overburden rocks in a marginal dump, followed by the formation of an internal dump. The maximum depth of mining the non-metallic fields of hard-rock minerals with intra-quarry dumping of overburden rocks depends on the depth of the internal dump formation within the mined-out space of the quarry and varies according to the determined hyperbolic laws in typical quarries. It has been found that the optimal depth of the internal dump formation, which provides the maximum depth of mining, is: Н з =70-115 m in the fields of a large area with high thickness of overburden rocks; Н з =50-90 m in the fields of a medium area; Н з =50-85 m in the fields of a small area. In the quarries of a large area with low and medium thickness of overburden rocks, к Н max does not depend on the depth of the internal dump formation. The results obtained make it possible to optimize the depth of the internal dump location in the range from 50 to 115 m, taking into account the parameters of the quarry field and the design depth of mining the field without additional land allotment. It is expedient to take the design depth of the quarry as a depth of the internal dump formation. Based on the obtained correlation dependences between the maximum mining depth and the main parameters of the quarry fields (length and width of quarry fields, thickness of overburden rocks and the depth of an internal dump formation), the maximum depth for the distinguished typical quarries, in accordance with the low, medium and high thickness of overburden rocks, is as follows: in the quarries of a large area it is – 388, 355, 327 (385) m; of a medium area – 238, 209, 217 (258) m; of a small area – 158, 155, 134 (169) m. The depth value given in parentheses corresponds to the conditions for the internal dump formation with its repeated transfer to the mined-out space after completed mining of added reserves at the ІІІ-th stage of mining. Given the fact that the minimum permissible profitability of the enterprise should be at least the bank rate on the deposit, the minimum permissible total cost of the finished products of granite and stone quarries has been estimated within the range of 290-340 UAH/m 3 . Based on this, according to the developed methodology, the economically feasible depth of mining the typical fields has been substantiated, according to which the minimum permissible profitability of the enterprise is ensured. Based on the obtained dependences for the profitability level of 12-20%, the expedient depth of mining the typical fields is: 220-240 m for the fields of a large area; 225-238 m, 209, 217 (230) m for the fields of a medium area with low, medium and high thickness of overburden rocks, respectively; 158, 155 and 134 (169) m for the fields of a small area with low, medium and high thickness of overburden rocks, respectively. The depth value given in parentheses corresponds to the conditions for the internal dump formation with its repeated transfer to the mined-out space. The research results are used as a basis for the development of design solutions, which have been tested and implemented in scientific and technical (design) documentation for the conditions of Sofiyivsky, Mykytivsky, Boleslavchyksky, Chaplynsky, Lyubimovsky and other fields of hard-rock non-metallic minerals. The implementation of the results consists in substantiation of the expedient depth of mining the non-metallic fields during the development of added mineral reserves, taking into account the internal dump formation. As a result of additional exploration of mineral reserves, their additional extension is possible in the amount of 1 to 48 million m 3 , which will ensure the stable operation of the mining enterprise from 5 to 40 years.