52 ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 © Haidai O. A., Pavlychenko A. V., Koveria А. S., Ruskykh V. V., Lampika T. V., 2022 SOLID STATE PHYSICS, MINERAL PROCESSING https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/052 O. A. Haidai1, orcid.org/0000-0003-0825-0023, A. V. Pavlychenko1, orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-9180, А. S. Koveria1, orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-1873, V. V. Ruskykh1, orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-2797, T. V. Lampika2, orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-6072 1 – Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: haidai.o.a@nmu.one 2 – Public organization for the protection of public order “Ecological Patrol”, Dnipro, Ukraine DETERMINATION OF GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE FUEL Purpose. To determine the granulometric composition of technogenic raw materials for agglomeration by the adhesive-chem- ical method. This approach allows for determining the optimal particle size distribution for obtaining the prepared agglomerated fuel, which has the form of cylindrical rods with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 50–200 mm. Methodology. The granulometric composition of technogenic raw materials was determined using sieve and sedimentation analyses. 38 representative samples of carbon-containing raw materials were subjected to the investigation. Findings. The sieve analysis results of representative samples of coal sludge and culms are presented; their graphical character- istics is given. Sieve analysis of the granulometric composition of samples of carbon-containing raw materials and sedimentation analysis of solid fuel samples with a fraction of fewer than 50 microns is carried out. It has been established that all samples with sizes of more than 5–6 mm should be subjected to further grinding. Originality. For the fi rst time, studies and comparative analysis of granulometric compositions of technogenic raw materials have been realized, which allows for a reasonable approach to obtaining composite fuel from carbon-containing wastes by the ad- hesive-chemical method, using various compositions of components. Practical value. The results can process technogenic raw materials to get agglomerated fuel of specifi ed parameters by the ad- hesive-chemical method and other processing areas, including using carbon-containing waste from various productions. Keywords: granulometric composition, sieve analysis, sedimentation analysis, technogenic raw materials, culms, sludge, agglomer- ated fuel Introduction. Ukraine’s energy sector needs commercial coal from 19 to 21 million tons annually. At the same time, in 2020, coal production amounted to 28.82 million tons. This is less than in 2019 by 2,406.3 thousand tons or 7.7 %. The pro- duction of thermal coal decreased by 3,057.8 thousand tons or 12.3 %. Natural gas also produced less than 501.2 million m3 (or 2.4 %) compared to 2019 and amounted to a total of 20,233.9 million m3 [1]. Tens of billions of hryvnias are spent annually on coal imports. Because of the above mentioned, one of the promising ways in the context of sustainable devel- opment of Ukraine is to ensure energy independence [2, 3], which will certainly contribute to the development of innova- tive energy-saving systems [4]. Ukraine has accumulated approximately 36 billion tons of waste, more than 50 thousand tons per 1 km2 of territory. Of this amount, about 30 % of industrial waste and about 4 % of house- hold waste are recycled. These wastes are technogenic mineral deposits that can be considered for their effi cient processing and production of composite fuel. This secondary fuel can fi nd effi - cient applications for industrial utilization [5], electricity gener- ation [6], metallurgical processes [7], as well as in solving indus- trial decarbonization by reducing coal production [8]. The amount of accumulation, disposal, and reuse of this waste constantly changes depending on the classifi cation of waste into certain types and classes of hazards. In addition to environmental challenges in addressing issues of industrial waste recycling, it is possible and necessary to address energy and social aspects caused by the demand for solid fuel and the current situation in Ukraine [9]. The key diffi culties in ad- dressing the issues of industrial waste utilization are weak and inconsistent regulatory and institutional framework, lack of funding, and insuffi cient quality control and assessment. Ukraine’s fuel and energy sector needs to fi nd new non- trivial ways to reduce the coal shortage. One of such ways may be to include an off -balance waste of coal benefi ciation into the raw material base of solid fuels; this resource has accumu- lated in large quantities in sludge settling tanks and sludge ac- cumulators of coal processing plants and coke-making plants over the past few decades. No less acute problem in the fuel and energy sector of Ukraine is the problem of processing and use of brown coal [10], which is due to several reasons. Thus, brown coal is de- stroyed after extraction with the transformation into an easily destructive mass, like coal sludge. Under this condition, it is not easy to transport over long distances. High energy con- ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 53 sumption of brown coal briquettes production and sharp fl uc- tuations in prices on the world energy market leads to an in- crease in their cost, which sometimes exceeds the cost of high- calorifi c coal. The cost of briquettes largely depends on the distance of briquette production to consumers. It is worth giv- ing an example of Germany, where thermal power plants that consume brown coal briquettes are located 5–10 km from their production. From the abovementioned, we can conclude that one of the possible ways of integrated processing and use of off -bal- ance coal resources may be their briquetting at low tempera- tures and pressures without primary benefi ciation using if needed, low-ash brown coal as a composite as well as various additives to intensify the process of obtaining granular fuel without binders. Literature review. Dnipro University of Technology has developed a fundamentally innovative adhesive-chemical technology for the agglomeration of industrial wastes. The technology does not require high pressures up to 150–800 kg/ cm2 and temperatures of about 200 °C, as required by conven- tional briquetting. Electricity costs are 2.5–3 times lower due to energy-effi cient mechanoactivation processes made of composite fuel. The prime cost of processing waste, represent- ed by technogenic deposits, reaches 150–250 UAH per 1 ton [11]. More than 250 million tons of such waste have been ac- cumulated with diff erent quality characteristics of all ranges of extracted coal. The issue of producing composite fuel should be solved by substantiating the technological parameters of production processes and investigating raw materials’ physical and mechanical characteristics and their mineral and chemi- cal compositions [12]. In addition, the crucial factor for the adhesive-chemical technology is establishing the particle size distribution of sludges and culms as raw materials for the pro- cess. Previously, studies on particle size characteristics of slud- ges and culms for adhesive-chemical technology were not considered. Purpose. Firstly, it is necessary to carry out complex par- ticle size distribution studies to substantiate the rational pa- rameters of the agglomeration process of technogenic raw ma- terials by the adhesive-chemical method. Secondly, it is neces- sary to establish the optimal particle size distribution to obtain fi nished fuel briquettes that have the form of cylindrical rods with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 50–200 mm. Methods. The optimal particle size distribution determines the preparation of solid fuel for agglomeration. In the case of the presence, for example, in the initial coal sludge fraction larger than 5 mm, there is a need to pass it through the screen. In the case of sludge, such fractions are technogenic waste, which may contain various objects of metal, wood, or another origin (nails, nuts, chips, etc.). The size of the coal particles, as shown by research, does not exceed 2.5 mm [13]. The infl uence of the particle size distribution of the fi n- ished fuel is determined by the size of the total grain collision surface, the number and size of voids in the structure of the obtained briquettes, the content of acute-angled grains, the relief of the solid surface and the presence of dust particles. The bulk mixture of minerals is a fraction of various sizes, ranging from the maximum, measured in hundreds of milli- meters, to the smallest grains of a few micrometers. Compar- ing the particles, their size is characterized by one size. It is usually called the diameter of the particle (grain). For cubic pieces, the length of the cube’s edge is taken as a diameter; for spherical pieces – the diameter of the sphere; for an irregular shape – the average of three dimensions: the length, width, and thickness of the parallelepiped in which the particle fi ts. Sometimes the concept of equivalent diameter is used. It is the diameter of a conditional sphere, whose volume is equal to the volume of the irregular shape particle 3 6G ,ed   where de is the equivalent particle diameter; G,  is the mass and density of the particle, respectively. The size of the bulk material is estimated by the quantita- tive ratio of the corresponding size. Numerical ratios of indi- vidual sizes of material are called particle size distribution and are determined by analyses: - sieve analysis is a scattering of material on a standard set of sieves with a mesh size of 50 μm or more [14]; - sedimentation analysis is a division of material into sizes according to the velocities of particles in the aqueous medium (materials from 1 to 50 μm) [15]; - microscopic is measuring the particle size with a micro- scope (materials up to tenths of a micron) [16]. The methods of sieve analyses of diff erent materials are identical. Their essence is careful scattering of the test sub- stance by hand or mechanically into sizes using a set of stan- dard sieves. The module characterizes the ratio of the sizes of a mesh of two adjacent sieves. Standard sets of sieves with a module equal to 2, 2 are used. With the dry method for scattering small material, sieves are installed one above the other from large meshes to small ones. The sample is fi lled on the upper sieve, and the whole set of sieves is shaken for 10–30 minutes. The residue on each sieve is weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. The sum of the masses of all size classes is 100 %. Sedimentation is a more accurate and detailed analysis for studying particle size distribution. There is widespread use of sedimentation analysis in the gravitational fi eld to determine the dispersed composition of crushed materials, lands, and soils, and others. The sedimen- tation analysis is performed to establish the molecular weight and homogeneity of various polymeric materials, including biopolymers, and the study on sedimentation processes in technical and biological suspensions of microparticles and nanoparticles that aggregate [17]. Spherical dispersed particles are subjected to gravity pro- portional to the apparent (considering Archimedes’ law) mass 34 , 3 P r g   where g is free-fall acceleration;   2  1 is the diff erence in the densities of the particle and the medium. Under the action of the force P, the particles begin to move rapidly. However, they are aff ected by the resistance force of the medium F, proportional to their velocity U, radius r, and viscosity η of the medium (Stokes law) F  6  U   r. As the velocity of the particle increases, the moment comes when the force of resistance of the medium F balances the force of gravity P acting on the particle. After this moment, the particle moves with a constant sedimentation rate U ; 6 · · g VU r      34 , 3 V r  where V is the volume of a spherical particle of radius r. For sedimentation analysis, it is necessary to calculate the particle sedimentation time (tdpp, s)  2 0.1835 ,dppt d   where  is material density, g/cm3; d is diameter of particles of the material, m. The equation can determine the calculation of the density  ( ) , ( ) ( ) pA B C B D A        where А is the weight of the dry fl ask with the material, g; В is the weight of the dry fl ask, g; р is the density of water at the 54 ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 test temperature, g/cm3; С is the weight of the fl ask with water, g; D is the weight of the fl ask with water and material, g. To determine the bulk (volumetric) mass using a calibrated vessel with a volume of A and weight of Po. The vessel is fi lled with the material to the edges and then shaken by tapping the bottom against the table. Excess material is removed with a ruler or a glass stick. The bulk density of the material Δ is to be equal to 1 0 , P P A    where Р1 is the weight of the vessel with the material, g; Р is weight of the vessel, g. Results. Graphic representation is called the characteristic of quantities. Table 1 presents the results of the sieve analyses of six most representative samples of coal sludge and culms. Table 1 Results of the sieve analysis Size, mm А sludge L culm C sludge F sludge G sludge LF  culm Yield of sizes, %             10.02.5 2.51.0 1.00.315 0.3150.05 0.050 – – – 42.56 57.44 – – – 42.56 100 16.21 23.04 27.23 27.76 5.76 16.21 35.25 62.48 90.24 100 – – 12.14 39.23 48.63 – – 12.14 51.37 100 – – 16.19 42.78 41.03 – – 16.19 58.97 100 – 12.67 50.85 24.44 12.04 – 12.67 63.52 87.96 100 19.43 19.53 25.26 22.90 12.88 19.43 38.96 64.22 87.12 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Note: – А, L, C, F, G, LF – coal ranks: anthracite, lean, coking, fat, gaseous, long-fl ame, respectively [18];  – ,  – partial and total yield of the size in percent, respectively ba dc f e Fig. Granulometric characteristics of sludges and culms: a – A sludge; b – L culm; c – C sludge; d – F sludge; e – G sludge; f – LF culm ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 55 Additionally, Figure gives the graphical characteristics of the particle size distribution. The size characteristics for other samples are obtained by an identical method of graphical representation based on data from the determination of particle size distribution. When plotting on the x-axis on a linear scale, put the size of the mesh of the sieves d in millimeters, and on the y-axis is the total yield of the size classes larger than the size of the mesh of the sieves in percentage. Using a curve of the total characteristic, it is possible to determine a theoretical yield of size at screening of material with the set size. When performing sieve analysis with the defi nition of a large number of sizes and obtaining the total size characteris- Table 2 Results of the study on the particle size distribution of carbon-containing raw materials by sieve analysis No. Sample Size range, mm 10.02.5 2.51.0 1.00.315 0.3150.05 0.050 Yield of sizes and total yield  and , respectively, % 1 B1 – 7.65; 7.65 49.87; 57.52 28.41; 85.93 14.07; 100 2 B2 – – 13.34; 13.34 66.32; 79.66 20.34; 100 3 B3 – – 36.05; 36.05 60.12; 96.17 3.83; 100 4 Peat1 8.23; 8.23 23.8; 32.03 31.31; 63.34 20.37; 83.71 16.29; 100 5 Peat2 17.25; 17.25 25.22; 42.47 35.24; 77.71 11.50; 79.21 20.79; 100 6 А1 culm 9.21; 9.21 33.11; 42.32 24.23; 66.55 26.76; 93.31 6.69; 100 7 А2 sludge – – – 41.56; 41.56 58.44; 100 8 А3 sludge – – 5.87; 5.87 61.45; 67.32 32.68; 100 9 А4 sludge – – – 43.12; 43.12 56.88; 100 10 А5 sludge – – – 53.35; 53.35 46.65; 100 11 А6 culm 5.3; 5.3 29.83; 35.13 28.2; 63.33 27.70; 90.03 9.97; 100 12 А7 culm 12.82; 12.82 36.80; 49.62 27.5; 77.12 20.40; 97.52 2.48; 100 13 L1 culm 15.21; 15.21 22.04; 37.25 27.23; 64.48 27.76; 92.24 7.76; 100 14 L2 culm 3.25; 3.25 29.23; 32.48 37.75; 70.23 11.76; 81.99 18.01; 100 15 L3 sludge – – – 58.45; 58.45 41.55; 100 16 L4 sludge – – 17.34; 17.34 61.48; 78.82 21.18; 100 17 L5 sludge – – 17.65; 17.65 63.71; 81.31 18.69; 100 18 C1 sludge – – 14.83; 14.83 51.20; 66.03 33.97; 100 19 C2 sludge – – 5.46; 5.46 47.30; 52.76 47.24; 100 20 C3 sludge – – 7.14; 7.14 57.23; 64.37 35.63; 100 21 C4 sludge – – 9.40; 9.4 61.30; 70.7 29.30; 100 22 C5 culm 5.52; 5.52 31.21; 36.73 26.87; 63.6 20.60; 84.2 15.80; 100 23 F1 culm 12.46; 12.46 43.23; 55.69 23.38; 79.07 16.47; 95.54 4.46; 100 24 F2 sludge – 3.8; 3.8 37.12; 40.92 47.71; 88.63 11.37; 100 25 F3 sludge – – 41.30; 41.3 35.70; 77.0 23.0; 100 26 F4 sludge – 6.55; 6.55 39.34; 45.89 48.12; 94.01 5.99; 100 27 F5 sludge – 5.98; 5.98 45.34; 51.32 35.50; 86.82 13.18; 100 28 G1 sludge – 13.67; 13.67 49.85; 63.52 25.44; 88.96 11.04; 100 29 G2 sludge – 15.85; 15.85 46.37; 62.22 15.35; 77.57 22.43; 100 30 G3 culm 21.06; 21.06 18.61; 39.67 27.30; 66.97 21.11; 88.08 11.92; 100 31 G4 culm 22.70; 22.7 24.90; 47.6 31.50; 79.1 11.50; 90.6 9.4; 100 32 G5 culm 18.54; 18.54 31.53; 40.96 26.26; 67.22 21.90; 89.12 10.88; 100 33 LF1 culm 24.47; 24.47 20.20; 44.67 16.60; 61.27 30.50; 91.77 8.23; 100 34 LF2 sludge – 6.30; 6.3 47.60; 53.9 19.60; 73.5 26.5; 100 35 LF3 sludge – 7.30; 7.3 40.10; 47.4 34.50; 81.9 18.1; 100 36 LF4 sludge – 2.90; 2.9 27.10; 30.0 59.70; 89.7 10.3; 100 37 LF5 culm 19.89; 19.89 28.32; 48.21 18.12; 66.33 23.58; 89.91 10.09; 100 38 LF6 culm 31.45; 31.45 21.37; 52.82 17.62; 70.44 16.87; 87.77 12.23; 100 Note  – B, A, L, C, F, G, LF, and Peat – brown, anthracite, lean, coking, fat, gaseous, and long-fl ame coals, respectively 56 ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 Table 3 Results of the study on the particle size distribution of solid fuel fractions samples less than 50 m by sedimentation analysis No. Sample Diameter of the particles d, m Density, , g/cm3 Particle sedimentation time t, s Volumetric mass , % 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 B1 40 30 10 1.29 88.91 158.1 1,422.5 30 67 3 2 B2 50 30 10 1.37 53.58 148.8 1,339.4 29 48 23 3 B3 50 35 15 1.33 55.19 112.7 613.7 37 36 27 4 Peat 1 45 25 10 0.75 120.8 391.5 2,446.7 41 50 9 5 Peat 2 45 25 10 0.92 98.5 319.1 1,994.6 38 55 7 6 А1 culm 50 30 20 1.55 47.4 131.5 296.0 70 8 22 7 А2 sludge 50 35 20 1.67 44.0 89.7 274.7 39 43 18 8 А3 sludge 50 35 20 1.63 45.0 91.9 281.4 30 35 35 9 А4 sludge 50 40 20 1.69 43.4 67.9 271.4 38 36 26 10 А5 sludge 50 30 20 1.52 48.3 134.1 301.8 41 30 29 11 А6 culm 50 30 20 1.50 48.9 135.9 305.8 45 26 29 12 А7 culm 50 40 20 1.32 55.6 86.9 347,5 27 34 39 13 L1 culm 45 25 15 1.27 71.4 231.2 642.2 43 45 12 14 L2 culm 50 35 20 2.13 34.5 70.3 215.4 29 27 44 15 L3 sludge 50 35 20 2.05 35.8 73.1 223.8 72 8 20 16 L4 sludge 45 30 20 2.15 42.1 94.8 213.4 35 40 25 17 L5 sludge 45 30 20 2.08 43.6 98.0 220.6 18 54 28 18 C1 sludge 50 40 30 2.09 35.1 54.9 97.6 46 13 41 19 C2 sludge 50 25 15 2.02 36.3 145.3 403.7 38 50 12 20 C3 sludge 50 30 10 1.95 37.6 104.6 941.0 35 22 43 21 C4 sludge 50 30 15 1.89 38.8 107.9 431.5 42 35 23 22 C5 culm 50 25 15 1.98 37.1 148.3 411.9 39 30 21 23 F1 culm 50 30 15 1.69 43.4 120.6 482.6 43 21 36 24 F2 sludge 50 30 20 1.75 41.9 116.5 262.1 46 25 29 25 F3 sludge 50 30 20 1.70 43.2 120.0 269.9 49 33 18 26 F4 sludge 50 30 20 1.65 44.5 123.6 278.0 38 25 37 27 F5 sludge 50 30 20 1.69 43.4 120.6 271.4 40 5 55 28 G1 sludge 50 30 20 1.60 45.9 127.4 286.7 33 20 47 29 G2 sludge 50 30 20 1.55 47.4 131.5 296.0 35 15 50 30 G3 culm 50 25 15 1.56 47.1 188.2 522.8 31 34 35 31 G4 culm 50 30 20 1.50 48.9 135.9 305.8 18 18 64 32 G5 culm 50 30 20 1.58 46.5 129.0 290.3 15 71 14 33 LF1 culm 50 40 20 1.54 47.7 74.5 297.9 45 31 24 34 LF2 sludge 50 30 20 1.55 47.4 131.5 296.0 70 8 22 35 LF3 sludge 50 35 20 1.67 44.0 89.7 274.7 39 43 18 36 LF4 sludge 50 35 20 1.63 45.0 91.9 281.4 30 35 35 37 LF5 culm 50 40 20 1.69 43.4 67.9 271.4 38 36 26 38 LF6 culm 50 30 20 1.52 48.3 134.1 301.8 41 30 29 Note  – B, A, L, C, F, G, LF, and Peat – brown, anthracite, lean, coking, fat, gaseous, and long-fl ame coals, respectively tics in a wide range, the segments on the x-axis in the area of small classes have a small range. This makes us develop large graphs that complicate the use of the obtained characteristics. Therefore, the total characteristics are made in a coordinate system with semilogarithmic or logarithmic scales. In the fi rst case, these are not linear dimensions of the holes of the sieves d that are plotted on the x-axis, but lgd. The y-axis is left on a linear scale. In the second case, they change the scale of the ordinate, taking not the total yield , but lg . Advantages of semilogarithmic scale are as follows: in the area of small grains, the distances between adjacent values of sieve holes on the x-axis increase, and large ones decrease. This allows calcu- lating the yield of small sizes using graphs correctly. Despite their apparent diff erence, the total size character- istics can be described analytically. The Rosin-Rammler equation is often used ISSN 2071-2227, E-ISSN 2223-2362, Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2022, № 4 57 100 , nbdR e where R is the total yield of the size greater than d (residue on the sieve), %; b, n are parameters that depend on the proper- ties of the material and dimension; d is the size of the sieve mesh. The theoretical principle of selecting a mixture of particles of diff erent sizes is to create a structural composition corre- sponding to the highest bulk density. In such a structure, the mass and volume ratio of grains can be quite fully character- ized by an empirical equation 100 ,P d D where Р is the proportion of grains (% by weight) passing through a sieve with a mesh diameter of d; d is the diameter of any grain of the mixture from 0 to D; D is the maximum diam- eter of the grain in the mixture. Using this equation, it is possible to determine the rela- tionship between R and d, the optimal upper size limit, the number of grains in any size, the specifi c surface area, and oth- ers. Knowing the values of these parameters, it is possible to choose the particle size distribution that provides the densest arrangement of grains in the mixture. The specifi c surface area of the grains in the mixture deter- mines the thin layer distribution and the structure of the bind- ers, as well as the proportion of adsorption contacts. The high- er the number of grains is, the more there are active centers – surface elements in which atoms with unoccupied valences are concentrated. The density of the arrangement is closely related to the grain size. Small grains are more ribbed than large ones, and the heat of their wetting is about 4 times higher. The high con- tent of large grains (more than 6 mm) has a negative eff ect on the strength of briquettes. During agglomeration, these parti- cles are easily cracked. New surfaces uncoated with binder ap- pear. The presence of dust particles leads to an increase in the specifi c surface area and, consequently, to an increase in the consumption of binders, which contributes to the compaction of briquettes due to the active fi lling of cavities. The density of the briquettes is signifi cantly aff ected by the hollowness of the structure. It is not important how tightly the solid grains are in the briquettes, and there are always pores between them. The number and size of cavities aff ect the strength of briquettes [19, 20]. In briquettes of fi ne-grained particles, the pores are small, and they are mostly fi lled with binder substances. Defects in the form of cavities are few, and the strength of the briquettes is high. Briquettes with a pre- dominance of large grains have many defects, and layers of binder to fi ll the voids are insuffi cient. Therefore, these bri- quettes have low strength. To increase the strength, it is rec- ommended to introduce into the briquette mixture dust parti- cles that easily penetrate the cavity. Irregularities and rough- ness of the material positively aff ect the mechanical fi xation of the binder, increasing the strength of briquettes. The results of studies on 38 most representative samples carried out using sieve and sedimentation methods are listed in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. It should be noted that the strength of briquettes is lower for a more homogeneous sieve composition. The homoge- neous mixture does not ensure the arrangement’s proper den- sity. The grains are located with a signifi cant number of cavi- ties in the frame. The pressure during briquetting is unevenly distributed in the volume of the system. As a result, the bri- quettes are easily deformed. Conclusions. According to the results of determining the particle size distribution of samples of carbonaceous raw ma- terials, a feature for preparing solid fuels for the agglomera- tion process was established. The particles with sizes greater than 5-6 mm should be crushed further. In case of the inex- pediency of further grinding, they should be processed (mixed) with special activating or increasing adhesive proper- ties substances. Considering the particle size distribution of carbonaceous technogenic waste, it is possible to approach the process of composite fuel production with a more reason- able approach using diff erent compositions of certain com- ponents. Acknowledgments. The work was performed within the framework of the state project for scientifi c and technical experi- mental development entitled “Development of technology for the production of composite fuel from technogenic waste” (code DB- 11), as well as the state project number GP-505. References. 1. 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Utilization of coal benefi - ciation waste by briquetting. Mineral benefi ciation, 53(94), 205-209. Встановлення гранулометричного складу техногенної сировини для отримання композиційного палива О. А. Гайдай1, А. В. Павличенко1, А. С. Коверя1, В. В. Руських1, Т. В. Лампіка2 1 – Національний технічний університет «Дніпровська по- літехніка», м. Дніпро, Україна, e-mail: haidai.o.a@nmu.one 2 – Громадське формування з охорони громадського по- рядку «Екологічний патруль», м. Дніпро, Україна Мета. Визначення гранулометричного складу техно- генної сировини для процесу згрудкування адгезійно-хі- мічним методом. Це дозволить встановити оптимальний гранулометричний склад для отримання готового згруд- кованного палива, що має вигляд циліндричних стриж- нів діаметром 30 мм і довжиною 50–200 мм. Методика. Визначення гранулометричного складу техногенної сировини за допомогою ситового й седимен- таційного аналізів. Досліджувалися 38 представницьких проб вуглецевмісних матеріалів. Результати. Представлені результати ситового аналізу представницьких проб вугільних шламів і штибів, наве- дена їх графічна характеристика. Виконаний ситовий аналіз гранулометричного складу проб вуглецевмісної сировини та седиментаційний аналіз проб твердого па- лива фракції менше 50 мк. Установлено, що всі проби із класом крупності більше 5–6 мм повинні бути направле- ні на подальше подрібнення. Наукова новизна. Уперше виконані дослідження й по- рівняльний аналіз гранулометричних складів техноген- ної сировини, що дозволяє обґрунтовано підійти до про- цесу виробництва композиційного палива з вуглецевміс- них відходів адгезійно-хімічним методом, використову- ючи різноманітні склади компонентів. Практична значимість. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для направленої переробки техноген- ної сировини як з метою отримання згрудкованного па- лива заданих параметрів адгезійно-хімічним методом, так і для інших напрямів переробки, у тому числі для ути- лізації вуглецевмісних відходів різних виробництв. Ключові слова: гранулометричний склад, ситовий ана- ліз, седиментаційний аналіз, техногенна сировина, штиб, шлам, згрудковане паливо The manuscript was submitted 01.12 .21.