Microservice architecture has become the basis of modern distributed systems due to its ability to provide flexibility, scalability and simplified management of software components. However, this creates challenges in ensuring reliable protection of connections between services. Using Service Mesh helps solve these issues by automating traffic management and security. The article discusses the main aspects of Service Mesh, its key components, role in ensuring security, advantages for microservice environments, as well as the concept of Ambient Mesh as an ideological continuation of Service Mesh. Microservices architecture is the main paradigm for developing scalable applications in cloud environments. It allows you to break large monolithic programs into separate, independent services that communicate with each other using APIs. One of the most important aspects in such architectures is safe and reliable interaction between services. Standard network mechanisms do not always provide the necessary level of protection and traffic management. Service Mesh technology is actively used to solve these challenges.