Еngineering solutions for the development of satellites with space debris disposal functions

Abstract

Space debris contamination has become a critical threat to the safety of modern satellites and future missions. As the number of spacecraft in orbit and collisions between objects grows, more and more fragments appear that can cause new collisions, creating a cascading effect that impairs the normal functioning of orbital objects. Modern engineering solutions are aimed at developing satellites with space debris disposal capabilities, such as autonomous manoeuvring technologies, non-contact orbit reduction systems, methods for capturing unstable objects, and integrated reusable platforms. Various methods effectively capture space debris, including large and unmanageable objects. One of the critical approaches is using robotic manipulators that allow precise interaction with the target due to the high-precision control and adaptability of the systems. Such manipulators can ensure safe gripping even in the presence of rotation or instability of the object, as they can stabilise the load and compensate for external disturbances.