Економічні інтереси в системі відтворення економічних відносин суспільства

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено формуванню теоретико-методологічних засад встановлення закономірностей взаємодії економічних інтересів у системі відтворення економічних відносин суспільства, обґрунтуванню напрямів економічної політики, спрямованих на створення умов для всебічного розвитку людини через задоволення її потреб та інтересів. Удосконалено категоріальний апарат економічної теорії через визначення понять «відтворення економічних інтересів» та «влада-власність». Сформовано теоретичні уявлення про сутність, структуру, функції і механізм розвитку системи відтворення економічних відносин та економічних інтересів, встановлено роль інститутів у забезпеченні її розвитку. Запропоновано типологію відтворення економічних відносин та економічних інтересів. Обґрунтовано методологічний підхід до аналізу можливостей країн світу забезпечити сприятливі економічні й інституціональні умови для відтворення економічних відносин та економічних інтересів. Запропоновано теоретико-методологічний підхід до оцінювання впливу влади- власності на реалізацію економічних інтересів суб’єктів та доведено нелінійний характер її впливу. Визначено напрями політики держави, спрямованої на створення сприятливих умов для реалізації інтересів кожної людини і суспільства.

Диссертация посвящена формированию теоретико-методологических основ установления закономерностей взаимодействия экономических интересов в системе воспроизводства экономических отношений общества, обоснованию направлений экономической политики, направленных на создание условий для всестороннего развития человека через удовлетворение его потребностей и интересов. Усовершенствован категориальный аппарат экономической теории через определение понятий «воспроизводство экономических интересов» и «власть-собственность». Сформированы теоретические представления о сущности, структуре, функциях и механизме развития системы воспроизводства экономических отношений и экономических интересов, установлена роль институтов в обеспечении ее развития. Предложена типология воспроизводства экономических отношений и экономических интересов. Обоснован методологический подход к анализу возможностей стран мира обеспечить благоприятные экономические и институциональные условия для воспроизводства экономических отношений и экономических интересов. Предложен теоретико-методологический подход к оценке влияния власти-собственности на реализацию экономических интересов субъектов и доказан нелинейный характер её влияния. Определены направления политики государства, направленной на создание благоприятных условий для реализации интересов каждого человека и общества.

The thesis is devoted to the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations of establishing patterns of interaction of economic interests in the system of reproduction of economic relations of society, substantiation of directions of economic policy aimed at creating conditions for comprehensive development of a person through satisfaction of their needs and interests. There has been proved the expediency of defining economic interests as an orientation of activity of economic subjects to creation of the most favorable social conditions for meeting their needs. It has been established that economic interests and economic relations are dialectically interconnected: relations generate interests, whereas interests become a prerequisite for economic relations. It is substantiated that satisfaction of needs and realization of interests is the process that unfolds on the basis of constant reproduction of economic relations in society. The latter is defined as a cyclical process of restoration of economic relations, based on their repetition in the unaltered state or through quantitative and qualitative changes, complications, enrichment of property relations while maintaining their essential basis (industrial relationship of appropriation), which, through overcoming contradictions, continuously maintains objective conditions for realization of economic interests of subjects and satisfaction of their needs, and, at the same time, provides realization of interests through appropriation- alienation. It is substantiated that in the course of this process, there are formed dialectical and systemic relations of economic relations and, above all, relations of property, with the productive forces, interests and institutions of society. It has been proved that the reproduction of economic relations in reality manifests itself in the form of the reproduction of economic interests, which is a cyclical process of continuous renewal of their interaction, which occurs due to changes in the state of contradictions inherent in interests and the transition of interaction of interests from the previous state to the new one. It is determined that the essence of the reproduction of economic interests is a cyclical recovery of the interaction of economic interests, during which the reproduction of resources, products and income at a new level of their development, which is conditioned by the creation (improvement) of conditions for appropriation-alienation of economic and social goods, effective social reproduction and self-reproduction of subjects. The expediency of presenting the reproduction of economic relations and the restoration of interests as a subsystem of the economic system, which combines the reproductive flows of the economy into a single environment, forms the conditions for continuous interaction, renewability and movement of resources, products and income, sets impulses for restoration of economic and institutional conditions satisfactorily supporting the life of the subjects. There have been formed theoretical concepts concerning the elements, functions, mechanisms of the system of reproduction of economic relations and economic interests. It has been substantiated that the development of this system is based on changes in the system and its elements, as well as changes in the institutional structure through the consolidation of new, corresponding changes in institutional norms and rules, which causes the transition of institutions, economic relations and interests to a new qualitative state, approval of new forms ownership, organizational and legal forms of interaction. Assessment of the capacity of countries to provide favorable conditions for the recovery of economic relations and economic interests of entities, based on the neural network approach to clustering of countries and the construction of the Kohonen map, allowed us to identify clusters of countries with high, medium, low and extremely low levels of such opportunities. The instability of the countries in these cluster groups is proved, and the directions of their migration between the groups in dynamics are revealed. The types of reproduction of economic relations and economic interests by the criteria are determined: the nature of changes (extensive, intensive, hybrid); the tendency of the institutional environment and the subjects for variability and sustainability (sustainable, unsustainable, elastic, inelastic). There has been proved the priority of formation of favorable environment in Ukraine for achievement of intensive and elastic types of reproduction of economic relations and economic interests. The nature of influence of institutions on reproduction of economic relations and economic interests, which through regulated norms and rules express and regulate historically formed and objectively existing economic relations and ways of obtaining economic benefit, and at the same time, through changes of rules and regulations, provide transition to qualitatively new forms and structure of economic relations, new conditions for realization of interests. It has been proved that the power-property has negative influence on the restoration of economic relations and economic interests. It is defined as a phenomenon based on the monopolization of the conditions of production, distribution, exchange and, as a consequence, restriction of consumption, and which arises in the conditions of approval of socio-economic relations, where the government and its dominant state are based on the special position of economic entities in the economic and the political hierarchy of society. A scientific approach to assessing the influence of power-property on the realization of economic interests of subjects is proposed, and the nonlinear nature of this influence is proved. State policy measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for realization of interests of each person and society are defined, including stimulation of effective functioning of institutional mechanisms with active counteraction and restriction of splicing of power-property.