Chemical and physical factors as causes of the development of erosion and atrophy of dental tissue

Abstract

Non-caries dental lesions, particularly erosion and atrophy, result from the complex interaction of various chemical and physical factors that negatively affect the structure, strength, and functionality of dental tissue. These defects play a significant role among dental diseases and can have serious consequences for oral health, including increased sensitivity, pain, and impaired chewing function. Dental erosion is the result of chemical degradation of enamel due to the action of aggressive acids found in certain food products or as a result of disruption in the acid-base balance in the oral cavity. On the other hand, atrophy of dental tissue manifests as a reduction in its volume, which is often associated with age-related changes, disturbances in mineralization, or insufficient nutrient supply to the dental tissues. Studying and understanding the mechanisms behind the development of these lesions significantly improves the methods for their prevention and treatment.